Biological Mechanisms of Aging

The biological mechanisms of aging involve a complex interplay of cellular and molecular processes that lead to the gradual deterioration of bodily functions over time. Key mechanisms include

• Genetic Mutations: Accumulation of genetic damage and mutations can disrupt cellular function and contribute to aging-related diseases.

• Cellular Senescence: Cells can enter a state of senescence, where they stop dividing and release harmful chemicals that damage neighboring cells and tissues.

• Telomere Shortening: Telomeres, protective caps on the ends of chromosomes, shorten with each cell division, eventually leading to cell aging and death when they become critically short.

• Oxidative Stress: The accumulation of damage from reactive oxygen species (free radicals) can impair cellular structures, proteins, and DNA, accelerating aging.

• Inflammation: Chronic low-level inflammation, often referred to as "inflammaging," can contribute to the development of age-related diseases and impair tissue function.

These mechanisms collectively contribute to the aging process, impacting overall health and increasing susceptibility to age-related diseases.